@Article{StoberVBLKJQKSYZBVHJMBABMPTTGNLBKBMML:2024:GrWaGe,
               author = "Stober, Gunter and Vadas, Sharon L. and Becker, Erich and Liu, 
                         Alan and Kozlovsky, Alexander and Janches, Diego and Qiao, Zishun 
                         and Krochin, Witali and Shi, Guochun and Yi, Wen and Zeng, Jie and 
                         Brown, Peter and Vida, Denis and Hindley, Neil and Jacobi, 
                         Christoph and Murphy, Damian and Buriti, Ricardo and Andrioli, 
                         Vania F{\'a}tima and Batista, Paulo Prado and Marino, John and 
                         Palo, Scott and Thorsen, Denise and Tsutsumi, Masaki and 
                         Gulbrandsen, Njål and Nozawa, Satonori and Lester, Mark and 
                         Baumgarten, Kathrin and Kero, Johan and Belova, Evgenia and 
                         Mitchell, Nicholas and Moffat-Griffin, Tracy and Li, Na",
          affiliation = "{University of Bern} and {North West Research Associates (NWRA)} 
                         and {North West Research Associates (NWRA)} and {Embry-Riddle 
                         Aeronautical University} and {University of Oulu} and {NASA 
                         Goddard Space Flight Center} and {Embry-Riddle Aeronautical 
                         University} and {University of Bern} and {University of Bern} and 
                         {University of Science and Technology of China} and {University of 
                         Bern} and {University of Western Ontario} and {University of 
                         Western Ontario} and {University of Bath} and {Leipzig University} 
                         and {Australian Antarctic Division} and {Universidade Federal de 
                         Campina Grande (UFCG)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {University of Colorado Boulder} and {University of 
                         Colorado Boulder} and {University of Alaska} and {National 
                         Institute of Polar Research} and {The Arctic University of Norway} 
                         and {Nagoya University} and {University of Leicester} and 
                         {Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS} 
                         and {Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF)} and {Swedish 
                         Institute of Space Physics (IRF)} and {British Antarctic Survey} 
                         and {British Antarctic Survey} and {China Research Institute of 
                         Radiowave Propagation}",
                title = "Gravity waves generated by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\′apai 
                         volcanic eruption and their global propagation in the 
                         mesosphere/lower thermosphere observed by meteor radars and 
                         modeled with the High-Altitude general Mechanistic Circulation 
                         Model",
              journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
                 year = "2024",
               volume = "24",
               number = "8",
                pages = "4851--4873",
                month = "Apr.",
             abstract = "The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\′apai volcano erupted on 15 
                         January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the 
                         atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally 
                         distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanogenic gravity 
                         waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds. Leveraging the 
                         High-Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM), we 
                         compare the global propagation of these gravity waves. We observed 
                         an eastward-propagating gravity wave packet with an observed phase 
                         speed of 2405.7gmgs-1 and a westward-propagating gravity wave with 
                         an observed phase speed of 166.56.4gmgs-1. We identified these 
                         waves in HIAMCM and obtained very good agreement of the observed 
                         phase speeds of 239.54.3 and 162.26.1gmgs-1 for the eastward the 
                         westward waves, respectively. Considering that HIAMCM 
                         perturbations in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere were the result 
                         of the secondary waves generated by the dissipation of the primary 
                         gravity waves from the volcanic eruption, this affirms the 
                         importance of higher-order wave generation. Furthermore, based on 
                         meteor radar observations of the gravity wave propagation around 
                         the globe, we estimate the eruption time to be within 6gmin of the 
                         nominal value of 15 January 2022 04:15gUTC, and we localized the 
                         volcanic eruption to be within 78gkm relative to the World 
                         Geodetic System 84 coordinates of the volcano, confirming our 
                         estimates to be realistic.",
                  doi = "10.5194/acp-24-4851-2024",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4851-2024",
                 issn = "1680-7316 and 1680-7324",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "acp-24-4851-2024.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "19 maio 2024"
}